reformation500.csl.eduReformation 500

Bible Study Bible Study 1 Bible Study 2 Bible Study 3 Bible Study 4 Bible Study 5 Video Series Religion The Bible The Church Spirituality Politics Money War Religious Freedom Society Arts and Education Work and Home Technology Documentary Bios Home Bible Study Bible Study 1 Bible Study 2 Bible Study 3 Bible Study 4 Bible Study 5 Video Series Religion The Bible The Church Spirituality Politics Money War Religious Freedom Society Arts and Education Work and Home Technology Documentary Bios A lone monk’s actions 500 years ago continue to have a great impact. Hear from some of the world’s greatest scholars on Martin Luther and the significance of the Reformation for our modern world in 500: The Impact of the Reformation Today,” a documentary from Concordia Seminary, St. Louis that reveals how the Reformation surrounds us more than we realize through religion, politics and our society. Watch Trailer 500: The Impact of the Reformation Today Bible Study In this five-part version of the documentary, groups are encouraged to watch each 20-minute segment in conjunction with the Bible study from Dr. Timothy P. Dost. Video Series A multipart topical series, this version provides 20 short videos in three topical playlists — Religion,” Political” and Social.” Documentary An hour-long documentary, this free version offers insights about the Reformation in a single video. Biographies Pope Julius II Nicknamed Il terrible” by his contemporaries and the Warrior Pope” by historians, Julius II’s early sixteenth-century pontificate marked a notable political and militaristic expansion of the papacy. Born Giuliano della Rovere on December 5, 1443 in Albissola (in the Savona region), he was the nephew of the future Pope Sixtus IV, Francesco della Rovere. His […] Johannes Bugenhagen Known mostly as pastor of the city church in Wittenberg during the spread of the Reformation and as Luther’s own father confessor, Johannes Bugenhagen played a significant role in translating early Protestant theology into actual church practice. A humanist rather than a theologian, Bugenhagen accepted the Reformation and became instrumental in its propagation and organization […] Johann von Staupitz During his time as Luther’s supervisor in the Augustinian order, Johann von Staupitz had a direct influence upon his spiritual and theological development and Luther later attributed much to his former monastic superior. It was Staupitz who heard Luther’s confessions, served as his spiritual advisor during the spiritual struggles of his early career, and eventually […] Pope Hadrian VI Hadrian VI proved to the last non-Italian pope until the twentieth century, but his place in the Reformation is most noteworthy because of both the high hopes for his tenure and its remarkable brevity. Born Adrian Florensz on March 2, 1459 in Utrecht, he received his early education among the influential Dutch Brethren of Common […] Pope Paul III The fourth pope during the period of the Reformation, Paul III became the first to take proactive reform measures in response to Protestantism. His reforms help shape Roman Catholicism for centuries thereafter, chiefly by bringing about a doctrinal response to Protestant theology. Born Alessandro Farnese on February 28, 1468, his family was prominent in the […] Johannes Tetzel A Dominican prior and inquisitor, Johannes Tetzel became notable at the outset of the Reformation as the preacher of indulgences who instigated Luther’s 95 Theses. Born 1465 in Pirna near Meissen, he would receive education in Leipzig from 1482 to 1487, earning the bachelor of arts, before joining the Dominican order in 1489. He ascended […] Sylvester Prierias Sylvester (Mazzolini) Prierias entered the early controversy over indulgences when, as papal court theologian, he drafted a theological critique of the 95 Theses that were attached to the letter summoning Luther to Rome in 1518. Born Sylvester Mazzolini in 1456 in the town of Priero, part of the Piedmont region in northwestern Italy, Prierias would […] Karl von Miltitz One of the more significant diplomatic efforts to remedy the early Reformation conflicts was spearheaded by Karl von Miltitz, a papal ambassador to Germany who met with Luther during the tense years of 1519 and 1520. Born in 1490 in the town of Rabenau near Dresden, Miltitz was the son of a nobleman from Meissen. […] Pope Leo X Leo X was the last of the Renaissance popes before the dawn of the Reformation, but his role in the indulgence controversy left the indelible impression of his pontificate. Born Giovanni de’Medici in Florence on December 11, 1475, he was the second son of Lorenzo the Magnificent, patriarch of the powerful mercantile Medici family that […] Lucas Cranach the Elder Lucas Cranach the Elder made an impression on the Reformation not through his ideas, his books, or his ecclesiastical service, but his art. As the Saxon court painter in Wittenberg for Frederick the Wise, he produced many works of art that were emblematic of Protestant theology at the time of the Reformation. He also became […] Pope Clement VII The second Medici to wear the papal tiara in three pontificates, Clement VII’s tenure was marked by his relative inability to make progress in the face of political and ecclesiastical challenges. Together with his cousin, Leo X, he represented nearly twenty years of Medici governance in Rome and he stood in stark contrast to his […] Tomasso de Vio (Cardinal Cajetan) Cardinal Cajetan, baptized Giacomo de Vio, is best known for his interview of Luther at Augsburg in 1518, but he was also a prolific theologian in his own right who authored more than 150 works and would produce an influential—and controversial—interpretation of Thomas Aquinas. Born in Gaeta, Italy, on 20 February 1469, he […] Georg Spalatin Georg Spalatin played a critical role in the Saxon court during the early days of the Reformation and was an ardent supporter of reforms throughout northern Germany. Born January 17, 1484 as Georg Burckhardt in Spalt near Nuremburg, he was the illegitimate son of a Franconian tanner. After early education in Nuremberg, he proceeded to […] Johann Eck As professor at Ingolstadt in Bavaria during the outbreak of the Reformation, John Eck would play a significant role in opposing Luther’s reform and winning Bavaria for the Catholic party. Born Johann Maier in the Swabian village of Eck, he would go on to study at Heidelberg, Tübingen, Cologne and Freiburg, earning his master’s at […] Ignatius of Loyola The most pivotal figure of the Roman Catholic Counter Reformation (or, alternately, the Catholic Reformation) was Ignatius of Loyola, the founder of the Jesuit order who established new directions for Catholic education, missions, catechesis, and spiritual formation. Born Iñigo de Loyola, he was the thirteenth child of Spanish nobility. He spent his childhood in Case […] Charles V Born in 1500, Charles I of Spain was successor of the Austrian Habsburg dynasty and ruled the majority of Europe during the Reformation as Emperor Charles V. On the side of his father, Philip of Burgundy, were the Habsburg Austrian Maximilian and Mary of Burgundy. On the side of his mother, Joana The Mad” of […] Desiderius Erasmus Few figures were as resistant to categorization during the years of the Protestant Reformation as Desiderius Erasmus. He was a staunch critic of church abuses, an advocate for humanism, and a prominent exponent of biblical criticism cited by Protestants and opposed by Catholics, yet he remained Catholic himself and throughout the years distanced himself from […] Philipp I, Landgrave of Hesse If religious and political concerns were often inseparable during the Protestant Reformation, then they were borderline indistinct in the life and career of Philipp of Hesse. Known most prominently as the Landgrave of Hesse, or as Philipp the Magnanimous, he was a leading political advocate for the right of Lutheran princes to reform their churches […] Justus Jonas A humanist...